The Trend of Physics Education Research During COVID-19 Pandemic

: Currently, physics education is a science that is still considered abstract by many students and the public. Thus, there is a need for information on the current trends in physics education to adapt to the current situation. Based on the Scopus, the research objective is to explore the ongoing trends in the last ten years and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a bibliometric and bibliometric analysis. The findings show that research related to physics education is dominated by the most developed during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 – 2021) countries Indonesia. Meanwhile, the Journal of Physics Conference Series is the journal that publishes the most publications (Scopus) related to physics education, followed by the AIP Conference Proceeding. Research implication to research, librarian, and policy maker (1) Research and development need to be carried out in-depth related to the growing trend of physics education so that it can be published in Scopus. (2) Cooperation and collaboration between other universities to increase publications at the international level. (3) The need for continuous research to follow current trends.


Introduction
Technology has become a human need in the 21st century. Technological and scientific developments continue to increase (Lai & Bower, 2019;Nguyen & Kieuthi, 2020). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted several sectors, including education. According to research results by Onyema et al. (2020), COVID-19 harms learning, access to education, and research. That way, innovations with global trends and realities in education emerge in the COVID-19 pandemic era (Fauza et al., 2020;Jatmiko et al., 2021). Various ways and innovations have been carried out to ensure access to education continues to run smoothly, even in the COVID-19 situation. One of the educations that needs more attention is physics learning. It is because physics education is an abstract science; studying it online will make it more abstract (Kersting et al., 2018). In this case, bibliometric studies are constructive to identify trends in physics education that have an impact during the pandemic (Siwach & Kumar, 2015;Suprapto et al., 2021).
The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world has had a different impact on each sector, one of which is the education sector. Various physics education research has been carried out in the last few decades (Çepni et al., 2017;Yanuarti & Suprapto, 2021). Based on Scopus data taken as of January 10, 2022 (www.scopus.com), in 2012 -2021, international indexed journals (all countries) contain as many as 667 documents, and international indexed journals (Indonesia) contain 83 documents. Then it was narrowed again in 2020-2021, which for International indexed journals (all countries) contained 188 documents and International indexed journals (Indonesia) contained 42 documents. In the education sector, publications are one of the sources of reference in learning and writing. Moreover, reference sources are indexed internationally. Scopus is so important because it is a leading international index used as a reference for world researchers in publishing their research results (Aksnes & Sivertsen, 2019;Baas et al., 2020;).
However, the work (article) that wants to be published on Scopus is not easy because it requires a different trend of research topics than before. By research results (Campos et al., 2020;Chen et al., 2020;MacIntyre et al., 2019), following the developing trend can increase the publication in recent years. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic forces researchers to be more creative in conducting research (Aliyyah et al., 2020). The course has an impact on the research topic being studied. That way, it is necessary to know a trend that is currently well known, especially in physics education.
Based on the problems and urgency above, needed study of research topics in international physics education and in Indonesia to identify research trends in the COVID-19 pandemic era. It is hoped that the results of this study can help future researchers. In addition, this research has a specific purpose, namely exploring research trends and, at the same time, providing information about the direction of physics education research in the future. There are several research questions were asked to help achieve the specific research problem: 1) How is the number of publications of Scopus International (all countries) in the field of physics education from the year (2012 -2021)?
2) How is the number of publications by Scopus International (Indonesia) in the field of physics education from the year (2012 -2021)?
3) How is the development of international physics education research (all countries) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 -2021)?
4) How is the research trend in physics education International (Indonesia) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 -2021)? 5) How is the trend of visualization maps in physics education with keywords? 6) What is the finding and recommendation from the top-cited article during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Research questions such as the above are essential to guide researchers in the research process to investigate and solve research problems.

Literature Review
Several previous studies discussed educational research trends. However, no one has discussed the trend of special physics education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A study conducted by Chang et al. (2010)

Methodology
The type of research used is a bibliometric type using the Scopus database. The research uses bibliometric analysis, which is proven to have been able to find novelties and research trends (Kulakli & Osmanaj, 2020;Lu et al., 2021;Suprapto et al., 2021;Xie et al., 2020). Data collection was obtained by searching for the based on TITLE physics education on Scopus. Data retrieval was carried out four times by comparing indexed journals International (all countries) and International (Indonesia). The data obtained as of January 10, 2022, namely: 1 Then the metadata is stored in CSV and RIS forms for further analysis. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using MS-Excel and VOSviewer to visualize it in a more attractive display form such as Tables, graphs, diagrams, and maps (Colavizza et al., 2021;Suprapto et al., 2021;van Eck & Waltman, 2020). In the last few years, there have been many recent studies that prove the effectiveness of VOSViewer in research indexed by Scopus, including Putri et al. (2021), Han and Gong (2021), and Suprapto et al. (2021).

Publication By Year
There are 667 documents in the Scopus Journal that are relevant to physics education (2012 -2021) International (all countries) and 83 documents for the international level (Indonesia). Then for documents in the Scopus Journal for the year (2020 -2021), international (all countries) contain 188 documents and International (Indonesia) contains 42 documents. The following are presented data by year in Table 1.  (Table 3), and Source Title (Table 4). Conference Review  Table 3 explains the topic of physics education research (2012 -2021) & (2020 -2021) for International (All countries) and International (Indonesia) levels. At the international level (all countries), the Types of Sources used are dominated by papers in the form of journals. However, in International (Indonesia) where the dominant one is Conference Proceeding. Furthermore, it continues to develop based on Title Source-based data, which can be seen in Table 4.    Table 6.  Table 6.   (46) year (2012 -2021) and students (22) now (2020 -2021).
The most frequently used keywords in physics education can be seen in Figure 2. The font size shows that the words are often used in this topic. Based on Figure 2, the most frequently used words are physics education, student, physics, teaching, human, curriculum, and e-learning.   shows Density Visualization with high-intensity yellow seen in several parts, namely, theory, physics education research, difficulty, simulation, effect, structure, quality, survey, part, goal, researcher, focus, difference, ability sample, test, technique, etc. There are several that have the potential to be developed in the future, namely, editorial, collection, proceeding, basis, text, and case. Figure 3c shows Overlay Visualization from physics education research trends. There are four colors: blue, purple, yellow, and green. You can see the dominant blue color with its roots in physics education research, and the yellow indicator is research that is currently being carried out. Cluster yellow there are web, proceeding, collaboration, profile, and stem education.

Visualization of Physics Education Research Trends at the International (All Countries) Level Year 2020 -2021
Research trends in physics education are shown in Figure 4. In (2020 -2021), there were 188 international level documents (all countries) on physics education topics in Scopus data. Then the researcher visualizes the trend of the research topic with the help of VOSviewer. Figure 4 is a visualization of the entire Scopus data-based research on physics education for the year (2020 -to 2021). The visualization results produce four-color clusters that show (blue, red, yellow, and green).
The first clusters (blue color) are physics education research, field, topic, paper, focus, trend, impact, journal, instruction, change, hand, and use. The second cluster (red color) is activity, skill, implementation, learning process, ability, discipline, form, stage, problem, experience, example, way, process, type, and collaboration. The third cluster (yellow) is a sample, implication, data, higher education, evaluation, mathematics, and assessment. Cluster four (green color) is a difficulty, sequence, philosophy, chemistry, theory, erratum, structure, advantage, nature, questionnaire, interview, physics teacher, perception, order, innovation, importance, factor, training, need, survey, area, practice, part, and relation.

Figure 4. Network Visualization Research Trend International (All Countries) Physics Education (2020 -2021)
The density visualization with almost the same intensity. What appears clearer is physics education, filed, focus, trend, impact, journal, instruction, use, change, hand, term, paper, topic, effect, use, relation, implication, higher education, data, sample, mathematics, assessment, area, need, factor, importance, perception, physics teacher, evaluation, ability, learning process, implementation, activity, skill, discipline, form, stage, problem, experience, way, example, process, type, and collaboration. In Density Visualization there are several words that are still unclear, one of which is the word information. It is hoped that in the future it will be clear that the relationship between research and continuous publication will be clear.
The overlay visualization of physics education research trends there are four colors, namely blue, purple, yellow, and green. The blue color cluster is dominant with the words, namely, stage, implementation, motivation, order, data, net, perception, implication, change, paper, way, and experience. The purple color clusters are physics education research, journal, assessment, type, collaboration, practice, part, problem, survey, activity, form, and physics teacher. The yellow clusters are relation, higher education, importance, instruction, impact, and trend. The green color clusters are, interview, factor, questionnaire, training, area, filed, and ability.

Visualization of Physics Education Research Trends at the International (All Countries) Level Year 2020 -2021
In (2012 -2021) there were 83 documents at the International (Indonesian) level which discussed topics related to physics education contained in the Scopus database. Then the researcher uses the help of VOSviewer to visualize the trend of the research topic being studied. Research trends in physics education are shown in Figure 6. shows Density Visualization with an intensity almost the same as the bright colors. The color consists of use, development, physics, study, education, teacher, learning process, observation, student, instrument, sample, skill, ability, physics education, student, concept, physics education, and the percentage. The visualization of the entire Scopus data-based research on physics education for the year (2012 -2021). The visualization results produce threecolor clusters shown in (red, blue, and green). The first cluster (green color) are physics, study, observation, learning process, teacher, education, development, and use. The second cluster (blue color) is a percentage. The third cluster (red color) is students, physics education, instrument, sample, skill, physics education research, concept, and ability. The Overlay Visualization from physics education research shows four colors: blue, purple, yellow, and green. The blue color cluster consists of the student, study, learning process, and physics education. The purple clusters are skill, percentage, and observation. The yellow cluster is teacher, sample, and instruction. The green color cluster consists of physics, use, physics education students, and ability. It is clearer the relationship between one another.

Visualization of Physics Education Research Trends at the International (Indonesia) Level Year 2020 -2021
In (2020 -2021), there are 42 documents at the International (Indonesian) level on the topic of physics education in the Scopus data. Then the researcher visualizes the trend of the research topic with the help of VOSviewer. Research trends in physics education are illustrated in Figure 6, a visualization of the entire Scopus data-based research on physics education for the year (2020 -2021). The visualization results produce one color cluster of physics education, student, physics, research, and study.

Figure 6. Network Visualization Research Trend International (Indonesia) Physics Education (2020 -2021)
International Journal of Educational Methodology 527 The density visualization with intensity the highest to the lowest yellowness are student, physics, research, study, and physics education. The overlay visualization of physics research trend Education has four colors, namely blue, purple, yellow, and green. The yellow cluster consists only of the word physics. The purple cluster only consists of the word research. The green cluster only consists of the word study. The blue cluster consists of the world's physics education and students. There are six topic areas assigned by the National Academy: (1) Concept Understanding, (2) Problem solving, (3) curriculum, (4) Assessment, (5) Psychological knowledge, and (6) Learning with learning confidence.
For future research should use every part of the topical confirmed by the National Academy so that future research directions for physics education are more promising.
Learning using Augmented Reality books has a very good impact on students. This can be known through the treatment of learning the test results are given to students.
Researchers suggest developing further related to AR, which has the potential to teach complex 3D concepts.

Fidan and Tuncel (2019)
Integrating AR into PBL learning can improve student achievement and give a positive attitude towards physics subjects. Through interviews, students said that AR applications are more useful because they are more realistic and exciting to learn.
It is hoped that future researchers will conduct more profound studies related to AR so that it can be integrated into learning models.
The study results indicate that students still memorize formulas for learning physics. Mathematics is considered a tool for calculations that hinders the conceptual understanding of physical principles.
The study results indicate that students still memorize formulas for learning physics. Mathematics is considered a tool for calculations that hinders the conceptual understanding of physical principles. 5 Traxler et al. (2016) This research is related to gender in physics for women and men. There are gender differences between men and women in participation, performance, and attitudes towards physics.
It is suggested to conduct research related to gender deviation, which is expanded to physics education research.   Using mobile learning in physics practicum can improve students' perceptual abilities by increasing the distribution of better values.
In the future, it is necessary to develop mobile learning-based learning media to improve and develop students' ICT skills. 2 Pandiangan et al.
The Physics Independent Learning (PIL) model can increase students' independence and physics problem-solving skills. This is known through the collected pretest and posttest data.
It is hoped that future research can be developed related to Physics Independent Learning (PIL) to improve problem-solving abilities. The measurement method with a sampling technique recruited 91 students that participated in this study. The results showed that students could do their practicum in the learning process with good categories. The category most mastered by students is science process skills in concave motion.
In the future, it is hoped that process-based practice skills can improve science process skills, especially in physics education study program.

Suyatna
The results of the research conducted involving 233 high school students and three physics teachers to support STEM learning required teaching materials for the National Curriculum, which were equipped with lesson plans, books, animations, stimulation, and videos.
In the future, it is hoped that all teaching materials that will be used are STEM-based and integrated with e-learning or mobile learning to support the National Curriculum.
5 Suhendi et al. (2018) Assessment in physics learning can be done with several approaches, including analytical verification and operational verification.
This research provides suggestions in the future so that physics learning can be applied with verified assessment techniques so that domain measuring tools can be accounted for in an objective and dynamic manner.  COVID-19 (2020COVID-19 ( -2021 No Authors Source Cited by 1 Kanim and Cid (2020) COVID-19 (2020COVID-19 ( -2021 No Authors Finding Recommendations 1 Kanim and Cid (2020) Physics education research as a whole is better prepared on the subject mathematically and comes from a narrow subset that cannot be represented and generalized to the entire student population.
In the future, it is hoped that the Physics education research community can make a more representative demo of the subjects studied. 2 Ugwuanyi et al. (2020) Some of the findings from this study, namely, the procrastination behavior of students will increase if they are not adequately counseled. This is proven through cognitive behavioral therapy carried out on science students.
It is hoped that the government or the minister of education can provide sufficient guidance counselors in various higher education institutions because it will help students in the academic field when using CBT. 3 Parno et al.
One of the most needed in 21st century is literacy skills. The results showed that each class had different literacy abilities. Literacy ability with the treatment of the PBL-STEM method is in the highest category, PBL is in the middle category, and conventional learning is in the low category.
Future research is expected to focus more on students' literacy skills in the 21st century. 4 Yun (2020) By using the topic modeling from Mallet, namely the Late Dirichlet Model, there are 13 topic trends in the last few years 'pedagogical contents of knowledge (PCK)," "assessment" of achievement and "gender" of students have been topics of increasing interest; "teacher education" and "students' reasoning process" introductory physics" and "problem solving".
For further researchers, it is hoped that they can develop learning models that can train students' abilities in physics.  Barabino et al. (2020) The Association of Physics and Engineering Scientists is committed to advancing women by (1) identifying the role of women in achieving a successful life, (b) creating programs to develop female leaders, and (c) creating opportunities for women to increase international visibility in the scientific community, and (d) building archives and women in STEM.
Gender equality is fundamental in the future so that women and men can be treated fairly, especially in the balance in the STEM field.
One of the most needed skills in the 21st century is literacy skills. The results showed that each class had different literacy abilities. Literacy ability with the treatment of the PBL-STEM method is in the highest category, PBL is in the middle category, and conventional learning is in a low category.
Literacy skills are critical to be studied in the future because they are one of the most needed skills for being human.
2 Fenditasari and Istiyono (2020) The four-level diagnostic results classify that there are still very high misconceptions and require special school attention for remediation.
Through this research, it is hoped that it can be a basis for consideration for teachers and lecturers in teaching heat and temperature material to be more effective. 3 Maison et al.
Through an assessment in the form of an Eassessment, gets a good response, seen from the attitude of students who are enthusiastic and have a high curiosity.
It is hoped that in the future, the evaluation in the form of E-assessment will continue to be studied and developed. 4 Dwijananti et al. (2021) The study results show that students' critical thinking ability is still classified as low with a score of 10.1%from 15.84% using an instrument that has been validated with a value of 90%.
Need to check practically and effectiveness.

5
Syuhendri (2021) By using the Conceptual Change Texts model in physics learning for students. There is a relatively high increase in understanding of concepts in the experimental class.
For the following research can use the Conceptual Change Texts model to train students' conceptual understanding skills.

Discussion
During the COVID-19 pandemic era, research trends, especially physics education at home and abroad, experienced an increase in practical learning innovations. It is a positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Widodo et al. (2020) stated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, various platforms supported learning that was developed and used. However, all of them had different effects and functions for each level of education. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has also made students closer to technological developments, and teachers are more innovative in making online learningbased teaching materials (Abdullah et al., 2021) and (Suryaman et al., 2020).
The development of physics education does not only cover the understanding of students. However, many other aspects exist, such as assessment, media, learning models, etc. In addition, based on the top-cited papers discussed, there are always recommendations for each result. This can be an opportunity for further researchers to develop existing research and certainly will have the potential to be published internationally indexed. Therefore, an in-depth study of each paper will provide new information and open insight so that they can think more broadly, especially in the field of physics education. -Gutiérrez et al. (2017) conducting research related to virtual technology trends in education. Fundamental Research Implication: (1) There are contributions related to physics education research policy makers after the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) For researchers and librarians, these results can be a reference in the development of physics education research that has the basis of empirical studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research results indicate that the development and use of technology worldwide are very important. It is shown from the access to education that uses Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality as learning innovations carried out. The advantage of this research is that it provides information related to accessing technology being developed and provides good accessibility for virtual learning. From the results of the trend, it turns out that it is by the current learning conditions. Thus, it is necessary to adapt media, methods, and learning models in accordance with the current COVID-19 pandemic conditions.

Conclusion
The number of article publications (Scopus) at the international (all countries) and international (Indonesia) levels increased from 2012 to 2021. However, the increase occurred most drastically in (2020 -2021) at the International (all countries) and International (Indonesia) levels. The trend of physics education has developed more rapidly in the last two years during the pandemic (2020 -2021). In this case, the affiliation in research on Physics Education is dominated by universities from Indonesia. Meanwhile, the Journal of Physics Conference Series is the journal with the most publications related to physics education, followed by AIP Conference Proceeding.

Recommendations
Based on the results of the discussions that have been carried out, there are several recommendations for the future (1) Further, more in-depth research is needed regarding the trend of physics education that continues to innovate so that it can be submitted to international indexed journals.
(2) Cooperation and collaboration between other universities to increase publications at the international level. (3) The need for continuous research so that current trends can be followed. Future research should focus more on physics education topics that are currently developing, can use one or more relevant keywords, and collaborate with researchers who are experts in physics education.

Limitations
This study has several limitations, including; (1) The research data used is only based on the Scopus database to find out trends in physics education research during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) The document used based on TITLE (without string): TITLE (physics AND education) for 2012 -2021 and 2020 -2021 for International (all countries) and International (Indonesia), and (3) this research focuses on the field of physics education only.